Schulamith Halevy
on
Anusim (Crypto-Judaism)

Disclaimer:

• I work alone.
• I have never had assistants or helpers.
• I have never been anyone's mentor or partner.
• I hold no position in any organization.
• I will never divulge anything told to me in confidence.

Lexicon:

• Anusim = forced converts (Hebrew), preferred term for descendants of Iberian converts [pronounced ah-noo-'sim]
• Chueta = swine (Majorca), applied to Balearic New Christians
• Converso = convert (Spanish), applies to former Jews and Moslems
• Crypto-Jew , applies to converso or descendent who practices Judaism in secret
• Marrano = swine (Spanish), applied to Iberian New Christians [uncertain etymology]
• Meshumad = apostate (Hebrew), applies to converts by choice
• New Christian = Converso or descendent
• Tinoq Shenishba = captured child (Hebrew), legal term for Jew raised as non-Jew
• Sephardi (Sefardi, Sefaradi) = Spaniard (Hebrew), Jew of Spanish origin (or [recent] one who follows Sephardic synagogue rite)
• Sefardita = Spaniard (derived from Hebrew), Jew or Converso of Spanish-Jewish origin

Monograph:

• Descendants of the Anusim (Crypto-Jews) in Contemporary Mexico

Articles:

• The Last Inquisition (Spertus Inst., 1995)
• Manifestations of Crypto-Judaism in the American Southwest (Jewish Folklore & Ethnology Review, 1996)
• Anusim in North America: The Ingathering (Tradition, 1995)
• Obscure Practices among New World Anusim (LAJSA 1997)
• Prayers of Portuguese Anusim in Contemporary Brazil (World Jewish Congress, 1997)
• Bein Shmad le-Anisut (Moznaim, 2006; in Hebrew)
• The Leadership Role of Women among Anusim (in: To Be a Jewish Woman: Proceedings of the First International Conference: Woman and Her Judaism, Urim Publications, 2001; in Hebrew)
• Blood in the Church: The Inquisition Against Hernando Alonso (Hispania Judaica Bulletin, 2011)
• Reflections on the Current State of Latino-Jewish Heritage Research (in: Iberian New Christians and Their Descendants, Cambridge Scholars Publ., 2019)

Essays:

• Los Judios Secretos (Linea Directa, 1997)
• In Recognition of a Martyr (Luis de Carvajal el Mozo) (Kulanu, 1997)
• David's Return (Linea Directa, 1997)
• Anusim Beyameinu (Pseifas 36, 1997, in Hebrew)
• Remembering Bertha (Nativ, 1999, in Hebrew)
• Roberto (Bull. Jewish Historical Seminars #1, 2000)

Sights and Sounds:

• The Diary of Luis (Documentary Movie; Goldberg-Lerner Productions; 2022)
• I am Jewish (Documentary Movie; Rehovot City; 2023)
• Interview with Rabbi Soloveichik (March 1998)
• Lecture in San Pedro (July 2004)
• Mifgashim: Interview on Israel Radio with "Yehuda"
• Mifgashim: Interview on Israel Radio with Nissan ben-Avraham
• More videos: Click here

About:

• After 500 Years, Discovering Jewish Ties That Bind, by Kathleen Teltsch (New York Times, November 12,1992)
• Het ontdekken van cryptojoden als roeping, by Alice ten Napel (Reformatorisch Dagblad, June 8, 2020; in Dutch)
• Secret Jews Believe They Still Have Crosses to Bear, by Tara Gruzen (Chicago Tribune, May 28, 1996)
• “Welcome Them, But Respect Their Fear of Exposure”, by Karen Primack (Kulanu, 1996)

Poems:

• El Lumbroso (Spanish translation)
• Santa Teresa of Avila 
• Your Reflection in My Mirror (Spanish translation)

Announcements:

• First Leadership Conference
• Casa Amistad

Resources:

• About Conversion and Return
• Official Return Certificate (in Hebrew) (in English)
• New World Crypto-Judaism and Inquisitions
• Articles on Modern New World Crypto-Judaism
• Media Reports on Modern New World Crypto-Judaism
• Letter to me from Rabbi Mordechai Eliahu, former Chief Rabbi (Hebrew) (English)
• Letter to me from Rabbi Aaron Soloveichik

Related Links:

• Dinur Institute
• Hispania Judaica
• Inacio's Page
• Kulanu
• Netanya College International Institute for Secret Jews Studies
• Reconectar
• Sephardic Genealogy Resources
• Southwest Jewish Archives

Other Voices:

• Luis de Carvajal Day (by Richard M. Daley, Mayor of Chicago)
• Talk in San Antonio by Aliza

Art:

	Martyrdom of Luis de Carvajal el Mozo (art by Oscar Romero)
	Martyrdom of the Carvajal Family (study for painting by Alejandro Romero)
	Studies for Passover Hagaddah (by Alejandro Romero)

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