Schulamith Halevy
on
Anusim (Crypto-Judaism)

Disclaimer:

• I work alone.
• I have never had assistants or helpers.
• I have never been anyone's mentor or partner.
• I hold no position in any organization.
• I will never divulge anything told to me in confidence.

Lexicon:

• Anusim = forced converts (Hebrew), preferred term for descendants of Iberian converts [pronounced ah-noo-sim']
• Chueta = swine (Majorca), applied to Balearic New Christians
• Converso = convert (Spanish), applies to former Jews and Moslems
• Crypto-Jew , applies to converso or descendent who practices Judaism in secret
• Marrano = swine (Spanish), applied to Iberian New Christians [uncertain etymology]
• Meshumad = apostate (Hebrew), applies to converts by choice
• New Christian = Converso or descendent
• Tinoq Shenishba = captured child (Hebrew), legal term for Jew raised as non-Jew
• Sephardi (Sefardi, Sefaradi) = Spaniard (Hebrew), Jew of Spanish origin (or [recent] one who follows Sephardic synagogue rite)
• Sefardita = Spaniard (derived from Hebrew), Jew or Converso of Spanish-Jewish origin

Monograph:

• Descendants of the Anusim (Crypto-Jews) in Contemporary Mexico

Articles:

• The Last Inquisition (Spertus Inst. 1995) (Plain text)
• Manifestations of Crypto-Judaism in the American Southwest (Jewish Folklore & Ethnology Review 1996)
• Anusim in North America: The Ingathering (Tradition 1995) (Plain text) (PostScript)
• Obscure Practices among New World Anusim (LAJSA 1997)
• Prayers of Portuguese Anusim in Contemporary Brazil (WJC 1997)
• Bein Shmad le-Anisut (Moznaim, 2006; in Hebrew)
• The Leadership Role of Women among Anusim (in: To Be a Jewish Woman: Proceedings of the First International Conference: Woman and Her Judaism, M. Shilo, ed., Urim Publications, Jerusalem, 2001; in Hebrew)

Essays:

• Los Judios Secretos (Linea Directa, 1997)
• Roberto (Bull. Jewish Historical Seminars #1)
• David's Return (Linea Directa, 1997)
• Anusim Beyameinu (Pseifas 36, 1997, in Hebrew)
• Remembering Bertha (Nativ, 1999, in Hebrew)

Sights and Sounds:

• Lecture in San Pedro (July 2004)
• Mifgashim: Interview on Israel Radio with "Yehuda"
• Mifgashim: Interview on Israel Radio with Nissan ben-Avraham

Poems:

• El Lumbroso (Spanish translation)
• Santa Teresa of Avila 
• Your Reflection in My Mirror (Spanish translation)

Announcements:

• Second Leadership Conference Planned
• First Leadership Conference
• Casa Amistad

Resources:

• About Conversion and Return
• Official Return Certificate (in Hebrew) (in English)
• New World Crypto-Judaism and Inquisitions
• Articles on Modern New World Crypto-Judaism
• Media Reports on Modern New World Crypto-Judaism
• Alhambra Decree of Expulsion
• Letter to me from Rabbi Mordechai Eliahu, former Chief Rabbi (Hebrew) (English)
• Letter to me from Rabbi Aaron Soloveichik
• Converso Names

Related Links:

• Anusim list
• Crypto Jews of Portugal
• Dinur Institute
• El Call (Voice of the Catalan Jews)
• Erensia Sefardi
• Hispania Judaica
• Inacio's Page
• Kulanu
• Mishpacha article on anusim of Porto
• Peruvian Inquisition
• Saudades
• Sephardic Genealogy Resources
• Sephardic Jews in Portugal
• Southwest Jewish Archives
• Villarreal Family Page

Other Voices:

• Luis de Carvajal Day (by Richard M. Daley, Mayor of Chicago)
• Talk in San Antonio by Aliza
• Poems by Isabelle Medina Sandoval

Art:

	Martyrdom of Luis de Carvajal el Mozo (art by Oscar Romero)
	Martyrdom of the Carvajal Family (study for painting by Alejandro Romero)
	Studies for Passover Hagaddah (by Alejandro Romero)

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