what is a logical system 2005 the first paper under this title was published in 1994 , in a book under the same title. the idea is to assess the kinds of logical systems required by the landscape of applications of logic in computer science , artificial inteligence, language, law, common sense reasoning , etc etc the lecture will motivate and present the author's current view of the notion. we will argue that a logic is not just a consequence relation, ( this notion is now marginal) but more like a perpetual multilevel reasoning system with mechanisms , actions, errors and input and output points, more reminiscent of an operating system perpetually working and evolving.